Selsimicu has several strategies to convert a word from one category into another, that has a similar related meaning! This is called "derivational morphology", and Selsimicu uses it a lot more than you'd think! Let's introduce some Selsimicu affixes for this very purpose, and how to use them!
The parts of speech, linguistically speaking, are nouns, verbs, adjectives and the like! Selsimicu has a wide distinction between nouns and verbs, but not really between each of those and adjectives. You can put the suffix -(u)n (which, if you remember, turns stative adjectives into applicative adjectives!) on a noun, and it'll probably make sense. Or, you could put it on a verb! Both strategies are pretty common, and you can in fact do both!
Additionally, there's some suffixes to turn nouns or adjectives into verbs, and verbs or adjectives into nouns! These are -(')ao and -(a)s respectively. However, these two are used for a wide swath of things, and the meaning might appear to come out of left field...but they all make sense in the Selsians' eyes! Let's see some examples:
"sharp, unlucky" → "ruby"
"to frollic, to experience something" → "an experience, the weather"
"to warn" → "warning, fake light"
"stone" → "to remain, to resist"
"step, progress" → "to progress, to continue"
"root" → "to need"
-(a)s and -(')ao are productive suffixes, meaning you can use them to form new words with the same pattern all the time. However, you won't get any extra meanings right away, unless there's a clear cultural association.
Selsimicu also has affixes that take in a verb and describe the relationship that the Subject and Object of said verb have to it. Does that not ring any bells? Well, if the title didn't give it away, English has these too! They're -er and -ee, like "employer" (person who employs) and "employee" (person who is employed).
Selsimicu does this with the affixes -oto (or lei-) and o- respectively! -oto and lei- refer to the agent (usually the subject), with -oto being Animate or Otherworldly, and lei- being Inanimate (usually for tools). o- describes the patient (usually the object), with no noun class distinction. You might want some examples, so I'll oblige!
artist ← to draw → drawing
speaker ← talk, say → topic (thing that is said)
sweet, friendly → friend!
trade → trader
dig → shovel (digging tool)
There's other derivational affixes that spit out nouns that expand from their base meanings. For example, there's "-nol"! It's the Selsimicu place affix, turning a verb into "place where verb is usually done", or turning a noun into "place of noun"! It's simple: a "zōxanol" (plant-place) is a farm, a "kextanol" (teach-place) is a school, and "sunol" (make-place) is a workshop!
Similarly, there's the suffix "-kiq", meaning "product of X", and the suffix "-xe", meaning "X-like thing". These are often similar, but they have their differences. Woven fabric is "ñimukiq", the product of "ñimu" (thread), while "ñimuxe" is something that's like thread, but isn't, like a cobweb. From "pula" (game) comes both "pulakiq" (game piece) and "pulax" (from pulaxe, game-like, now "fun"). One of my favorite developments of this kind is "no", meaning "river" or "path". With xe, "noxe" means a doctrine or formula (something that's like a path; it guides you). We'll see more about "no" in the next section. It's great fun.
These affixes will take a bit longer to explain.
Selsimicu's "augmentative" and "diminutive" affixes aren't really that. They instead describe the relationship between their root and whatever new thing we're talking about!
For example, applying the augmentative (-jan) to "cawa", yeilds "cawajan", which means "ocean". Not because the ocean is "larger" than water, but because it's made up of several collective "waters". Conversely, the diminutive (-oka) yeilds "cawoka", which means "rain", not because it's any smaller than water, but because it's several items that come together to make a "water", in a way.
Similarly, you can take "tazim" (stone) and make "taziam" (tazim + jan, meaning "mountain"), or make "tazoka" (tazim + oka, meaning "dirt").
Coming back to "no", which has both of these forms, will be great for explaining this. One at a time, applying -jan yields "nojan", a large thing composed of paths. This is a maze, or a network. Something that has many branching paths is a nojan. On the other hand, applying -oka yields "noka", a small thing which collectively is a path. This is a step, and more abstractly, a point of progress. Many steps eventually unite into a path.
Don't get too comfortable, however. As I said before, the meanings that'll result from this use aren't always trivial! Let's take, for example, "jofoñ" (vase, cup), a particularly weird one.
Applying -oka yields "jofoka", which means... walls or fencing? Why is that? Well, if you imagine slicing a glass horizontally into many slices, that surrouding structure is very similar to a fence! And, if you put several of those together, they do coallesce into something of a tall, narrow container!
Even stranger, however, applying -jan yields "jōfojan", which means...OUTSIDES?!? How does that possibly correlate??? Well, let's take a look at -jan again.
"-jan" refers to a large thing which, in a way, exists because of the existence of many of the same, smaller thing. Technically speaking, without containers, the outside doesn't exist at all! It's only when taking into account a container, of any size, that the "outside" gains meaning.
Is this why "outside" is the augmentative form of "vase"? Well, kinda! That is its etymology. However, it probably came from a poetic reading, that just so happened to stick. Most uses of -jan and -oka aren't NEARLY that insane.
Congratulations! This oughta level up your vocabulary a lot more! If you're not sure what to call something, these affixes might be your best ofofiawi!